Drug Policies And The War On Drugs Criminology Essay

Drug Policies And The War On Drugs Criminology Essay The War on Drugs is an aggressive drug policy aimed at bringing the fight towards drug suppliers and cartels. It began during Nixons term when he escalated Americas problem with drugs as a moral equivalent of war (Ratliff). Presidents Ford and Carter expanded Nixons resolve when they focused the war by attacking the supply lines of drugs. Reagan followed through by militarising and launching strikes to suppliers and drug cartels and tripling its funds in drug eradication. The War on Drugs went on for years with the United States running a foreign policy that sought to encourage, persuade, bribe, or coerce its neighbouring countries (Ibid) to join them in their giant crusade against drugs. South American countries mostly supported this war because this increased their chances to receive U.S. aid. War on Drugs became a media maelstrom in the mid-80s when basketball stat Len Bias died of cocaine overdose. What followed was the signing of the Drug Policy known as the Anti-Drug Abuse Act that placed the problem of drugs as a national security problem. With the Anti-Drug Abuse Act, the U.S. government started to use military and intelligence forces in the war against drugs. What started as a metaphor actually escalated into reality when the US. Military invaded Panama to seize Manuel Noriega in 1989, who was then imprisoned for drug trafficking. Afterwards, during the Clinton administration, the United States increased its funds in countering the supply-side of drug trafficking. George W. Bush added billions more to the war on drugs effort, though by this time. The so-called war on drugs have become a very unpopular issue and many have become opposed to it. The war on drugs has also lost steam since it has been a foregone priority as the United States has become focused on countering international terrorism. Despite this the debate continues, for almost 40 years in its existence, U.S. has shuffled opinions on what to do with the decades-old policy on the crusade against drugs. Should they hang up their gloves and look for alternative solutions. The government has weighed in the pros and cons of the matter. The pros on the war on drugs are looked in the sociological importance of continuing the crusade. It is believed that drug trafficking is a flagrant disrespect of the law, and society is compelled to punish such rebellion through overt force. Punishment and retribution are the keys to stopping drug trafficking and therefore the justice system should criminalise the activity and all its forms. Therefore, putting traffickers behind bars is part of the literature of war. When theyre shut out, drug availability is reduced; and so when you decrease the availability of drugs, abuse goes down too. In short, the war on drugs is really about tackling the supply side of drugs. The U.S. government directs its efforts in purging all supply lines and drug cartels to stop the availability of drugs. When the United States elevated this priority into their foreign policies, what they actually did was to compel other countries to take care of their citizens in terms of health and safety, protect its youth from becoming corrupted by drugs and pushers. The U.S. war on drugs spread like wildfire reminding that this is not just one countries war, the problem of drugs is a global human problem that everyone should take seriously. In the process, because of the war on drugs, elaborate institutions and industries around the world emerged from prison systems, anti-terrorism, anti-money laundering-governments became more aware. However, the downside of the war on drugs is staggering. To many, the war just ended up as the militarization of Latin America. Mexico is now spending $800 million to a billion a year on the drug war (Tavis), just because they dont want Americans invading them just like what they did in Panama. So Mexicans do it themselves: 90% goes to enforcement and the military to purge drug trafficking and only 10% goes to drug treatment. A good number of local officials argue that good share of that gargantuan budget should have gone to Mexicos under-education, impoverishment, etc. The same goes with Colombia and the rest of South America. To the general opinion of many, the U.S. led war on drugs is just a silent Vietnam War that is putting civil war into a boiling point. Dissidents on the war on drugs argue that the term itself war is an inappropriate metaphor. It gives the wrong idea. Yes, there is nothing wrong about thinking war on drugs in the context of law enforcement. Law enforcement is an indispensable tool in control and outlawing drug market-related violence. Very few contend on this argument. But when you start to think a war on drugs as sending troops to other countries then that is a different matter entirely. This is something many have opposed to, like the way Americans now bitterly opposes the war on Iraq. In this case, the war on drugs truly fits its description, a war that amounts to billions that are operated from a situation room, targeting an exact enemy; the suppliers, the factories, the Colombian drug cartels, the problems they cause. But to operate the war on drugs as if America is up against the Nazis is looking at the problem from the wrong end. Here, drug trafficking runs in two ways: there are the foreign suppliers and theirs the local demand. You just cant solve the problem by military strength when the problem also comes from within? Thus, heres where the biggest criticism of the war on drugs: its too short-sighted. Its examining only one side of the pole. This war on drugs has escalated so far that the U.S. government no longer mind about collateral damage. They want to win the war conventionally. But what should be understood is that this is a war against people. For example, Colombia is a place of continued violence between left-wing guerrillas and right-wing militias. Peasants have nothing more to live on besides growing coca because theres demand for it. Now, with the war on drugs, the United States want to stop growing coca at all costs, without giving aid to peasants to do other profitable livelihoods. So the peasants end up as collateral damage. By killing the supply lines, the U.S. believes that the demand will die. And so they keep focusing on the killing supply by all means possible, even by arrogant policies such as the potential annual decertification of Latin American government that are determined not to cooperate with the United States (Ratliff). Why the war on drugs became so criticised, it is because of this very policy, which has strained and continues to strain relations with Latin American countries. The negative effect of these policies has weakened foreign institutions of garnering support from their own countries, especially if they adhere to the United States. In fact, theres a growing number of Hispanics that are already disenfranchised with the whole crusade (Tavis). There are generally two factions: one started supporting guerillas (who wants America to be decertified) and the other looking for ways to distance themselves with the U.S. and not cooperate like Mexico has done. For experts, they are of a strong opinion that America should not continue the war on drugs on the basis that focusing only on the supply side of the problem will not amount to anything, it will only be a waste of money. What U.S. should do is start facing the reality that the real problem comes from the demand side; that the root of the problem is from within. You cant call a war when the problem is within. You need alternative solutions. One example is to look at the problem not as a security threat or even a delinquency but rather as a health problem, stemming from a lack of education or youth cultural disillusionment. The way to treat drugs is to spend more money on schools, treatment efforts, not on prisons and on the military. Another problem with the war on drugs is that it looks at very limited solutions. For example, the so-called war is too focused on marijuana (Conan). Other drugs, like crack and other harder drugs, tend to be overlooked. Violent crimes are mostly committed by someone on hard drugs, not on marijuana. Now if they only focused on harder drugs, you can get a little more done. After President Obamas inauguration, the new drug policy was to drop the war on drugs term from the language of the administration. This is a drastic change from the approach of previous presidents and steer the new drug policy towards prevention harm reduction strategies that is much favoured in Europe (Glaister). The new administration embraced new drug policies supporting federally funded needle exchanges with an aim, according to David Johnson, assistant secretary of state, was to establish a policy based on public health needs (ibid). The objective of this new policy that replaces the war on drug stance is to create stronger and broader regulations than the drug policies in the past. The executive director of the Drugs Policy Alliance, Ethan Nadelman, has long sought for alternatives to the old policy of war on drugs, and the changed that Obama instigated was a welcome relief to his organisation. Washington officials reaffirmed in a congressional meeting held in March 2009 that the administration had to shift the age-old national drug policy as a response to the growing trend that drug-related violence has been transferring from the US to Mexico despite the aggressive military campaign against drug suppliers. The meeting followed a report from former presidents of South America, particularly, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico, who all opined that the war on drugs policy was a complete and utter failure (Ibid). Many conservative politicians in the South blamed the United States for emphasising more on criminalising drug use and drug supplying rather than tackling the addiction problem itself. The criminalization and the aggressive approach of the war on crime only create an increase death toll. The new approach must, therefore, be based on public health. Obama is looking at a more proactive side in creating a new drug policy aimed at reform and rehabilitation, rather than intimidation. This is a lesson learned from the damages that the War on Drugs has created. Through over-criminalization, it has so far assaulted American civil liberties, clog the jails and courts. This new policy also paved the way for police corruption, like what happened in the 1999 Rampart Scandal case that involved department-wide corruption and racketeering of the LAPD. The war on drugs is also open for abuse by misguided police officers that confiscate drugs to criminals and then enrich themselves by reselling it. Worse, the war on drugs has so far cost the taxpayers approximately $3.2 billion during the Reagan and Bush presidency and then another set of billions were spent during Clintons administration (Drug Policy). Furthermore, because of it, the United States was suddenly propelled as having the highest per-capita incarceration rate for any nation in the world. The problem is drug use has not decreased and crimes committed in connection with addiction and drug use continue the upward trend. It seems there is no stopping a great number of Americans of wanting various drugs and they always have the money to buy a quick drug fix. $3.2 billion was spent on law enforcement, not a dollar went to rehab centres. Most of them went to the military to combat alongside Latin American governments to build para-militaries against cartels. What should have been done is to spent that money back home and treat the root of the problem of addiction and lack of education on drug use. Obama, who described in his autobiography having used marijuana and cocaine, steered his administration to finally get rid of the war on crime and treat needle exchanges for intravenous drug users a healthcare issue (Sullivan). Because it is true, obviously, that putting drug users in jail would not do anything concrete if you dont treat them. Once released, they return to the same neighbourhood and is back to the same problem. This is what the new drug policy should be addressing.

Riordan Manufacturing’s Human Resource Information System

In the organization which I am employed, there are numerous types of technology software used Including IT procedures, Interfaces, and networks to computer design. All of the software is used to analyze the operation of the organization. In week two I discuss a time-tracking software project recognized as the Kronor Workforce Timekeeping Program. I want to acquire more education and experience about the human resource system of my organization.To educate myself about the proper procedures and requirements needed to perform a work-related analysis project; I will design ND develop Ordain Manufacturing Human resource Information System (HRS), project. Ordain Manufacturing organization Is widespread. The organization has essential services Georgia, China, Hangout, Albany, Pontiac, Hangout, Michigan, and San Joss, California. The organization has established a Railroads project that malignant a yearly Income of approximately $46 billion. The company has a leading Human Resources Informat ion system with the purpose to be the initial focus for the company.The next progress is an existing structure, which is a financial systems parcel component that tracks the worker information. A new addition to the newest analysis of the current HRS is to instruct verification on validating the system requirement incentive to accommodate Radian's growing demands. Ordain made arrangements to update the existing HRS system to a larger complex HRS system, which will incorporate and consist of appliances, accomplish the advancement of technology, and will be implemented into the organization's system.Plan The plan for Radian's HRS project will be to produce strategic software for Implementation of an additional top-quality system. This report will focus on Radian's existing HRS dilemmas. The key reason for ten Investigation segment Is to unreason Ana document ten company requirements and the dispensation supplies of the original system (Stringer, J. Jackson, R. B. , Burr, S. T. , and J ohnson, R. , Para. 26, 2004). Adjustments to Radian's HRS will incorporate revisions to the latest financial system. Currently every area will experience some difficulties in their financial and clerical system.Consequently the problems derive from each area by channels from an unbalanced system. The organization must ensure that every area implements the best compatibility from the standard working system, although the existing HRS system will integrate utensils. The company anticipated the new system will launch in six months, and will be used in the next quarter in the following year. The development of the Radian's HRS system will have a group of manufacturers that will outline the project organization and demand that the proper assets are involved for the project to be a success.The project objective is to explain the problem, the effect areas, and investors. These are considered as the core measure of the project goal. Additionally, forming meetings with a mixture of consumers will distinguish important system issues to stimulate a concrete solution. Data Flow In the development of the San Diego shared lead office, the data will be in retreat. Employees who update private information and distinguish ownerships, will earn access to a share of the HRS report. The achievement of controlled region cabins will be a resourceful technique to ensure that all employees have acquired the approach to the Radian's intranet.Processes At the shared head office, the human possessions structure will accrue all files related through the HRS sector events on the main attendant. The most recent HRS structure will be composed of the following, and will be available to all employees in the development of Radian's intranet: a) Employee files – Consist of recommences, presentation appraises, and significant material. B) Job descriptions – List of employment duties and informative obligations. C) Electronic Job posting – Will tender many settings with a rec ord of occupation openings. D) Employee handbook – Electronic instruction manual accessible for the employees. ) Policies and procedures – Documentation of the corporate guidelines forces and working standards. F) Employee file updates – Delegates the employees to advice about individual information. G) Recruitment – For significant Job opportunities, employing skilled applicants. The following records stream graph will display the process that the HRS sector will use for new employees. The process will be performed by on-site recruiters. Administrators of the HRS plan will get total access, and subordinate evils of administration will be allowed access to the information relevant to their Job functions.By the restricted area computers, the consumer reference point will authorize the HRS panel to approach the workstation assistant. Interfaces and Networks Explanation of the new system will connect the information in different sites, and will be the primar y step in mounting the system building. Ordain Manufacturing has an equipped system in arrangement that will subscribe to every site to converse and release ten International. I en Inventive unman resources system installed on shared H. Q. NAS Omega system storage space.

The Biggest Myth About Literary Analysis Exposed

The Biggest Myth About Literary Analysis Exposed When you're assigning a literary analysis, you should make sure your students know several things. Students will need to engage with the concepts in an assortment of means. It's essential for students to know they're permitted to find out more about the topic or text before starting to write. Literature students read a good deal. Every superior essay ends with a great conclusion. In the debut, write a few sentences generally describing the subject of your paper and explaining why it's interesting and important to the book you read. Then you'll support your thesis through the remainder of your writing. The fifth lesson in every chapter is a test that always comprises an essay assignment and frequently comprises some objective questions too. There are a lot of kinds of essays, it is not difficult to shed an eye on all your writing assignments. An analysis essay is a sort of persuasive essay. A literary analysis essay is a form of essay which comprises an argumentative analysis of a bit of literature. When you understand how to compose an impressive literary analysis essay, you can express your ideas and make an analysis of any bit of literature which you've read. Now you prepared to get started writing your analysis. Note the way that it's achieved in a sample literary analysis essay provided at our website. Thesis Statement in aLiterary Analysis Outline After you collect all of the material that you need, the next thing to do is to compose your thesis statement. Literary Analysis - the Conspiracy Now you must outline your paper with respect to structure. There's no overall pattern of the way to compose a literary analysis, as it greatly depends upon the part of work you will need to go over. In case you're still puzzled how to compose an outline for your literary analysis paper, you might find examples online. In order to understand how to compose great papers, it's essential to understand every one of the phases of text analysis. Literary Analysis: No Longer a Mystery An analysis is just possible when you've got a crystal clear grasp of the story. One of the greatest approaches to foster textual analysis is via meaningful classroo m conversations. Don't forget, you're analyzing an essential element of the literature. Literary Analysis Example An instance of an applied analysis is the one which asks the writer to examine issues of gender or private identity and the way they relate to their own private life. Another way to check at a literary analysis is to look at a bit of literature from your own perspective. It is a vital stage in the development of students' critical thinking skills. A literary analysis is the analysis of a part of literature where we attempt to determine what the author was attempting to achieve with their work. Teaching literary analysis is frequently a daunting and overwhelming undertaking. With its aid, you may greatly hasten the procedure and enhance the caliber of your upcoming work. The important thing is to prepare your work before you begin writing to make sure you are efficient and the caliber of your work is in its very best. For the large part, you will break down the literary work into various components in order to come up with a better mastery of the work completely. Required literary works ought to be acquired all on your own. An applied essay requires you to refer to a certain bit of writing and to explore in what way the issues inside it m ay relate to your personal experiences. The very first step is to read the book that you would like to analyze and take notes. So, by way of example, if you're writing about historic events or a social issue that you don't only describe it. You also ought to learn some information regarding the author, it is going to enable you to understand his intentions and thoughts better. The Benefits of Literary Analysis Such activities might seem normal with respect to the village norms, but they reflect high level of human rights violation. The overall purpose is to bridge connections and generate a conclusion based on your findings. In the later scenario, you should use different sources very cautiously to prevent plagiarism or permit the opinions of different individuals substitute your own evaluation of the job. For this reason, you've got to be well-prepared in regard to additional info, analysis, and researches of different folks. When you're assigned with a literary analysis, your primary goal is to examine and study a particular parcel of literature to comprehend what main points it intends to render. Despite how it's deceptively easy, just answer the question. Although, 1 point to think about is to not overstate. There are not any incorrect answers so long as you make rational points which you may support. An analysis paper, for instance, that was based on a bit of poetry might require that you explore several varieties of imagery used in the poem, or even the connection between the content and the kind of the piece used. You have not just to compose an essay except to read an original literary piece repeatedly, analyze it, research, make notes and so forth. The first consideration to remember is that a literary analysis ought to have the structure of an essay. There are special words and word combination utilized for analytical purposes which ought to be learned too.

Against The Legalization Of Drugs - 1671 Words

Against the Legalization of Drugs Legalization of drugs is an increasingly hot topic in today’s society. It is one of that needs vast advancements in research and treatment for addicts to prevent the moral and legal obligations, as well as the severe health ramifications that come along with addiction of these powerful drugs. To legalize drugs would be detrimental to the family unit as well as our youth and have serious health consequences at an alarming rate. James Q. Wilson, author of, â€Å"Against the Legalization of Drugs,† was the first Senior Fellow at Boston College’s Clough Center for the Study of Constitutional Democracy and Distinguished Scholar in its Department of Political Science. In his essay, Wilson portrays his stance on being against legalization of drugs and speaks of figuring out how to win the war on drugs and â€Å"not send up the white flag of surrender.† Wilson explains the historical aspect of not legalizing heroin in 1972 and health deterioration along with the number of deaths to heroin assisted in decreasing the number of heroin users in the United States. Wilson gives perspectives from the stance of legalization and why it would not have worked and will not work today. Wilson’s argument on the detrimental effects of legalizing drugs on our society as a whole would not only have severe effects on our children and young adults, but also our unborn fetuses. Specifically, Wilson’s essay describes the detrimental effects of heroin and crack cocaine.Show MoreRelatedThe Social Benefits of Legalization of Marijuana1459 Words   |  6 Pagesthe hemp plant.†(Marijuana, 317). 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